A reinforcement learning theory for homeostatic regulation mehdi keramati group for neural theory, lnc, ens. Pdf on jan 1, 20, rex a wright and others published motivation find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. For example, people eat in order to reduce their need for food. Assumptions of the drivereduction theory of motivation. In psychology, a drive theory, theory of drives or drive doctrine is a theory that attempts to analyze, classify or define the psychological drives. Definition of homeostasis in psychology, physiology, biology. The idea of homeostasis is central to drive reduction theories. The theory was created by behaviorist clark hull and further developed by his collaborator kenneth spence. The purpose of biological drives is to correct disturbances of homeostasis. In psych terms we attempt to describe and define potentially confusing psychological terms while illustrating examples to best visualize it. These neurons then produce an integrated response to bring the drive back to its optimal level.
Drive reduction theory a popular theory of the 1940s and 1950s that attributed behavior to the desire to reduce tension produced by primary biological or secondary acquired drives. The reason is because we all want to be successful, we all want direction and drive, and we all want to be seen as motivated. B an aroused tension state that is often triggered by a physiological need. Drive reduction theory of motivation explained hrf. There are many competing theories, which attempt to explain the nature of motivation. Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as a a rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of an entire species. Desire to maintain homeostasis constant, balanced internal state pushed by needs, pulled by incentives environmental stimuli that motivate behavior. These theories are all, at least, partially true, and all help to explain the behavior of certain people at certain times. A drive is an aroused state that occurs because of physiological need. A theory stating that imbalances to your bodys internal environment generate drives that cause you to act in ways that restore homeostasis. Describe classic research findings in specific motivations. Many psychologists believed that all motivation depended upon. According to the theory, the reduction of drives is the primary force behind motivation. We will later consider more general nonlinear mappings in terms of classical utility theory.
Hull believed that motivation had a lot to do with learning. Hulls attempt to explain all behavior was assisted by his collaborator kenneth spence. Drive reduction and cognitive theories mcat khan academy duration. The physiological and psychological state of being active and alert, as reflected by factors like heart rate, muscle tone, brain activity, and blood pressure. Mogenson and phillips 1976 pointed out that any contemporary analysis of motivation must account for behavior based on the expectation of reward incentive motivation. Classifications of motivations must be based upon goals rather than upon instigating drives or motivated behavior. When a need is satisfied, drive is reduced and the organism returns to a state of homeostasis and relaxation. Note that for the simple case of m n 1, the drive function reduces to euclidian distance. There are several distinct theories of motivation we will discuss in this section. The drivereduction theory talks about an organisms reaction in an event where his physical needs are challenged and unstable. The content theories of work motivation attempt to determine what it is that motivates the people at work. The drive reduction theory of motivation became popular during the 1940s and 1950s as a way to explain behavior, learning, and motivation.
It is based around the theory that the body is constantly working to maintain a state of homeostasis, or a balanced state of equilibrium. Bolles, 1972 and for adaptive behavior that anticipates homeostatic deficits before they occur. Homeostasis is the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system. The drivereduction theory of motivation the psychology. Drive reduction theory physiological need an aroused tension state a drive motivates an organism to satisfy the need. Theories about motivation introduction to psychology. Drive reduction theory attempts to explain motivation by implicating human bodily needs. Another way to think about motivation is through thr constructs of drive and need. The drive reduction theory is based on the theory of homeostasis keeping an internal balance. The failure of various theories of homeostatic drive, intervening variables and drive reduction to explain real motivation coupled with the realization of centrality of pleasure for understanding motivation, led to the development of incentive motivation concepts during the 1970s and 1980s. An early theory of motivation proposed that the maintenance of homeostasis is particularly important in directing behavior. Theories of motivation an attempt is made in this chapter to bring a theoretical base for motivation.
In practice, these concepts have usually been combined into one. A theory of human motivation 371 must deal with the problem of levels of specificity or generalization of the motives to be classified. Aron ralston cut off own arm while trapped in canyon 127. These needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and, ultimately, bring the system back to homeostasis. Drive reduction theory was developed by the psychologist clark hull in 1943, as the first theory for motivation. The most wellknown process theory of motivation is the reinforcement theory, which focused on. Theorists such as clark hull and kenneth spence suggest that drive reduction is a major cause of learning and. Among the oldest in the motivation armamentarium, homeostatic drive concepts continue to underlie the thinking of many behavioral neuroscientists today.
One prominent theory of human motivation, known as drive reduction theory, suggests that homeostatic imbalances create needs. Drive itself was defined as motivation that arose due to a psychological or physiological need. According to the drive theory of motivation, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs. Compare and contrast motivational theories, including the strengths and weaknesses of each. Homeostatic reinforcement learning for integrating reward. A theory of human motivation college of the canyons. Hence, it is fitting that we start with homeostasis and drive. In this video we describe the drive reduction theory. Motivation is an area of psychology that has gotten a great deal of attention, especially in the recent years. Hull believed that when a need occurred again, the animal would repeat a behavior that reduced the drive on a previous occasion. Thirstiness physiological need creates tension state drive which motivates you to get water. After you drink, the drive is reduced and you are closer to homeostasis.
Behavior not always motivated internally motivation theories people are motivated to do things because of external rewards. Theories of motivation theory definition advantages. Theoriesof motivation content theories of work motivation. Hull 8, spence, and mowrer have proposed the drive reduction theory of motivation. Because of the disturbance in the organisms level of homeostasis, there is a development of a drive to fulfill that specific need to bring the individual out of its discomfort. If your body wants something, that want is the drive. According to drive reduction theory, humans are motivated to satisfy physiological needs in order to maintain homeostasis. Responses should explain that a physiological need creates a psychological drive of hunger that affects eating behavior. The content theories are concerned with identifyingneeds drives that the people have and howtheseneeds and drives are prioritized. For instance, when you are dehydrated, freezing cold.
How the drive reduction theory of motivation came about. Hull took ideas from a number of theories that were being promoted at the time, including components of darwinism. When the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drivereduction theory. Clark hull rested the first theory of motivation, the drive reduction theory. Hulls theory was called a drive reduction theory of motivation. Which of the following are examples of a need, according to drive reduction theory. He would then create the drive reduction theory of motivation around the idea of homeostasis. Motivation motivation behavioristic approaches to motivation. The behavioristic approach examines how motives are learned and how internal drives and external goals interact with learning to produce behaviour. One way that the body elicits this behavioral motivation is by increasing physiological arousal. Drive reduction theory, developed by clark hull in 1943, was a major theory for motivation in the behaviorist tradition. Reducing a drive provided reinforcement for behavior. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a state of physiological equilibrium. A physiological need creates an aroused tension state a drive that motivates an organism to satisfy the need hull, 1951.
Learning theorists have taken a somewhat more global perspective when studying motivation than researchers using the biological approach. In learning theory, drive reduction theory is a type of motivational theory. This need to restore balance drives people to perform actions that will return the body to its ideal state. Process theories like skinners reinforcement theory, victor vrooms expectancy theory, adams equity theory, and lockes goalsetting theory set out to explain how motivation occurs and how our motives change over time. Drive reduction theory drive reduction theories of motivation suggest that people act in order to reduce needs and maintain a constant physiological state. It was one of the popular theories of motivation during the 1940s and the 50s, not only as a theory to explain motivation, but also learning and behavior. According to drivereduction theory, the body is motivated to engage in whatever behavior is necessary to fulfill an unsatisfied drive. According to the theory, drive tends to increase over time and operates on a feedback control system, much like a thermostat. Drive reduction theory of motivation can be simply described as you dont want to be hungry, thirsty, in pain, or horny.
Drive reduction theories of motivation suggest that people act in order to reduce needs and maintain a constant physiological state. Homeostasis is the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal. A need is a physical deprivation, whereas a drive is an aroused state that occurs in response to the need. A drive is an instinctual need that has the power of driving the behaviour of an individual.
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